GeoArch Report 2012 / 04 Geophysical Survey at St Lythans , Vale of Glamorgan [ ST 100722 ] Dr Tim
نویسنده
چکیده
A magnetic gradiometer survey was undertaken over an area of approximately 1.3ha, centred on the upstanding remains of the St Lythans chambered tomb (NPRN 227289). The survey is interpreted as showing multiple, often rather subtle, sets of lineations representing both joints in the underlying bedrock and relatively recent agricultural activity. Historical use of the site is shown by a former field boundary and a substantial sub-divided enclosure, probably marked by stone banks as well as ditches, associated with a roadside building. Slight anomalies to the southwest of the building suggest an earlier boundary to the road lay south of its present position – suggesting in turn that the roadside building may have been a squatter’s encroachment on the original road line. The building is apparently shown intact on the 1 st edition OS survey (surveyed 1877-9), but was unroofed by the 1:2500 1 st revision (published 1900) and omitted entirely from the second revision (published 1919) The associated field boundary running to the crest of the hill appears on an aerial photograph of December 1945, but is absent from OS mapping published in 1960. The area east of the field boundary (including part of the enclosure) shows a lineation in the data parallel to the boundary – which presumably represents ploughing, at least part of which must be post-1945. Lineations also occur on a similar alignment passing to the west of the monument and may have a similar origin. Similar lineations occur in the SE of the study area on a different alignment; they may also represent ploughing, but are more likely the product of wheeled vehicles passing a farm gate in the southern section of the removed boundary. The ditch around the circular copse appears to be represented by a very small magnetic anomaly, indicating it is of no great size – strengthening the suggestion this is an 18 th -19 th century landscape feature rather than being more ancient (it is also relevant to note the symbol for conifer trees is employed within it on the 1 st edition OS – only changing to deciduous trees later, again suggesting a deliberate plantation). The barrow itself shows as a rather noisy area, reflecting metallic debris, several items of which arenails marking trench corners rom the prior excavations. The only anomalies of potential archaeological significance within it are two arcuate areas of elevated magnetic gradient towards the west of the long cairn which may indicate structural zones (i.e. perhaps zones of dumping of weathered material or soil).There are no clear signs of any associated quarries or ditches. The strongest anomalies are those associated with probable geological features. These include strong NNW-SSE and NNE-SSW positive linear anomalies that probably represent bedrock joints, and rather more diffuse ENE-WSW directed anomalies that maybe the crop of individual beds. These anomalies are strongest towards their N ends and die out southwards – suggesting they represent joints on a competent rock bed progressively overlain by overburden in an upslope direction. The western side of the study area is characterised by WNW-ESE directed lineations, most commonly rather broad, low amplitude positive anomalies. The origin of these is also most likely to be associated with the geology, although there is a possibility some might be associated with land drainage. GeoArch Report 2012/04: survey at St Lythans
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